Research Local Environment

A biome is a large region of Earth defined by its climate, plants, and animals. Examples include tropical rainforest, grassland, desert, and ocean. Within each biome, local ecosystems contain the living and non-living things found in a specific area — including soil, water, plants, and animals.

Types of Biomes

• Forest — dense tree cover, high rainfall, rich biodiversity (e.g. temperate or tropical).
• Grassland — open plains dominated by grasses, seasonal rainfall (e.g. savanna, meadow).
• Desert — very low rainfall, extreme temperatures, adapted plants and animals.
• Ocean — saltwater environment covering most of Earth, huge biodiversity.
• Tundra — cold, treeless land with frozen soil, found near the poles.
• Freshwater — lakes, rivers, ponds, and wetlands with very little salt.

Researching Your Local Environment

• Identify the biome: what is the dominant climate and vegetation type in your region?
• List species: name plant and animal species that live in your local area.
• Note threats: what human or natural pressures affect the local ecosystem?
• Find conservation efforts: are there any local projects protecting the environment?

Environmental Threats

• Pollution — chemicals, plastics, and waste harm air, water, and soil.
• Habitat loss — land is cleared for farming, roads, and buildings.
• Invasive species — non-native species outcompete local wildlife.
• Climate change — rising temperatures alter rainfall, seasons, and habitats.
• Overuse of resources — overfishing, deforestation, and overgrazing reduce biodiversity.