🔢 MathGrade 3Lesson 11
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Understand Multiplication Tables up to 12

Lesson preview: the Mini Lesson and Vocabulary are open to everyone. Guided practice, exercises, the parent checklist and the printable PDF worksheet come with full access (free 7-day trial or membership).

What you will learn

  • 1Recall multiplication facts for tables 2 through 12
  • 2Identify missing factors in multiplication sentences up to 12 × 12
  • 3Apply multiplication tables to solve simple real-life problems
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Mini Lesson

Multiplication is a fast way to add equal groups. When we say 3 × 4, we mean 3 groups of 4, which equals 12. Knowing your multiplication tables by heart makes math much quicker and easier. We learn tables from 2 all the way up to 12.

What Are Multiplication Tables?

  • A multiplication table lists all the products for one number multiplied by 1, 2, 3 ... up to 12.
  • For example, the ×3 table: 1×3=3, 2×3=6, 3×3=9, 4×3=12, ...
  • The order does not change the answer: 3 × 4 = 4 × 3 = 12 (commutative property).

Finding a Missing Factor

  • If you see 3 × ___ = 21, think: "what times 3 gives 21?"
  • Count up the multiples of 3: 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21 — that is 7 steps, so the missing factor is 7.
  • Knowing your tables well lets you find missing factors very quickly.

Words to know

Multiplication

A fast way to add the same number many times

e.g. 4 × 3 means 3 + 3 + 3 + 3.

Factor

A number that is multiplied

e.g. In 4 × 3 = 12, the factors are 4 and 3.

Product

The answer to a multiplication problem

e.g. The product of 4 × 3 is 12.

Times table

A list that shows the products of one factor

e.g. The 5 times table is 5, 10, 15, 20...

Multiple

A number you get when you multiply by another number

e.g. 12 is a multiple of 3.

Multiplication Table for times 3 and times 4Two short multiplication tables side by side. Left: the times 3 table from 1 to 6. Right: the times 4 table from 1 to 6.Multiplication Table \u2014 \u00d73 and \u00d74\u00d73 Table\u00d74 Table1 × 3= 32 × 3= 63 × 3= 94 × 3= 125 × 3= 156 × 3= 181 × 4= 42 × 4= 83 × 4= 124 × 4= 165 × 4= 206 × 4= 24
What is multiplication? 4 times 3 equals 12An array of 4 rows and 3 columns of dots showing 4 times 3 equals 12, with the equation displayed below the array.What is Multiplication?4 rows \u00d7 3 columns of dots4 rows3 columns4 \u00d7 3 = 12
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Practice one table at a time. Say it aloud: "3 times 1 is 3, 3 times 2 is 6 ..." until it feels automatic.

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